The CDC speculates that leprosy may be endemic in Central Florida. Things to know about the illness.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is an age-old bacterial disease that affects the skin and nerves. Historically uncommon in the United States, recent evidence from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests that leprosy is becoming endemic in certain regions, particularly Central Florida. This article delves into the findings of the CDC’s research letter and explores essential information about leprosy, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Leprosy in Central Florida: A research letter published by the CDC reveals that leprosy cases have been on the rise in the southeastern United States, particularly in Central Florida. The state reported 159 new cases in 2020, and Central Florida accounted for a significant portion of these cases, approximately 81% of those reported in Florida and almost one-fifth of the nationally reported cases.
Understanding Leprosy: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nervous system, and its disease course depends on individual susceptibility to the bacterium. The bacteria cause discolored patches of skin, ulcers, lumps, and damage to the nerves. If left untreated, leprosy can lead to severe consequences such as paralysis, blindness, and physical disfigurement.
Transmission and Causes: Leprosy is typically spread through extended close contact with an untreated infected person. It is not highly contagious and cannot be transmitted through casual contact like shaking hands or hugging. Scientists believe the disease spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and healthy individuals breathe in the droplets containing the bacteria. Prolonged, close contact with someone with untreated leprosy over many months is needed to catch the disease.
Symptoms: Leprosy symptoms may take time to develop due to the slow growth of the bacteria. Skin symptoms include discolored patches, skin growths, thick or dry skin, painless ulcers on the soles of feet, painless swelling or lumps on the face or earlobes, and loss of eyebrows or eyelashes. Nerve symptoms include numbness of affected areas, muscle weakness or paralysis, enlarged nerves, and eye problems that may lead to blindness.
Treatment: Fortunately, leprosy is treatable with a combination of antibiotics over a period of one to two years. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential to prevent further complications. While treatment can cure the disease, it cannot reverse nerve damage that may have already occurred. Ensuring compliance with prescribed treatment is crucial to successful recovery and prevention of resistance to the medication.
Conclusion: The CDC’s findings suggest that leprosy is on the rise in Central Florida, with the region accounting for a significant proportion of cases reported in Florida. As leprosy may become endemic, further research is warranted to explore potential sources of transmission, including environmental reservoirs. Understanding the disease, its symptoms, and its transmission is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. Efforts must be made to reduce stigma around leprosy and increase awareness to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate care for those affected by this historic yet treatable illness.